Cairo

The city of Cairo is the capital of Egypt, and the largest metropolitan area in Africa, The Middle East, the Arab world, and the 15th largest in the world. The city occupies an area of about 528 square kilometers in northern Egypt, 120 km (75 mi) west of Gulf of Suez & Suez canal, 165 km (100 mi) south of the Mediterranean Sea and lies on both banks of the Nile River near the Nile delta. 

Through history, there was always a capital for Egypt but the Cairo we know today was founded in 969 CE by the Fatimid dynasty where it became the heart of the region's political and cultural life. 

The Egyptian Museum is the oldest archaeological museum in the Middle East, and houses an extensive collection of papyri, sarcophagi and jewelry, among other objects, including statues of the great kings Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, the builders of the pyramids at the Giza plateau. The most crowded room is off course of Tutankhamun, an international icon of our Egyptian civilization, since British archaeologist Howard Carter discovered his tomb back in 1922. 

Twenty miles south of Cairo, on the Nile's west bank, Saqqara is one of the most important cemeteries of Memphis and an open-air museum of ancient Egyptian history. Kings and noblemen from the very first two dynasties (c.3040–2686 BC) were buried here, and this is also the location of the Step Pyramid of Djoser (c.2686–2667 BC).

Near the capital is located its main attraction: the Pyramids of Giza. Three 4th-dynasty (c. 2575–c. 2465 bce) pyramids erected on a rocky plateau on the west bank of the Nile River, they were included among the Seven Wonders of the World. 

The ancient ruins of the Memphis area, including the Pyramids of Giza, Ṣaqqārah, Dahshūr, Abū Ruwaysh, and Abū Ṣīr, were collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1979.